Refactoring techniques
Refactoring techniques refer to the systematic process of restructuring existing computer code without changing its external behavior, aimed at improving its readability, maintainability, and efficiency. Common techniques include extracting methods to reduce code duplication, renaming variables and functions for clarity, simplifying conditional statements, and reorganizing class hierarchies to enhance modularity. These practices not only enhance the codebase's organization but also facilitate easier future modifications and debugging, ultimately leading to more robust and scalable software development. Regular refactoring is encouraged as part of the software development lifecycle to ensure long-term code quality and adaptability.
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1 - Rename Method: Changing the name of a method to better convey its purpose, improving readability and understanding for anyone who reads the code.
2) Extract Method: Taking a portion of code from a larger method and placing it into a new method, making the original code cleaner, reusable, and easier to understand.
3) Inline Method: Reversing the extract method by replacing a method call with its body, often used when a method is no longer needed or too simple to justify its own definition.
4) Move Method: Shifting a method from one class to another where it is more relevant, which helps to decrease dependencies and improve encapsulation.
5) Extract Class: Splitting a class into two or more classes when it becomes too complex or is handling multiple responsibilities, promoting the Single Responsibility Principle.
6) Inline Class: Reversing the extract class by merging a class back into one when it does not justify its existence, simplifying the codebase.
7) Replace Temp with Query: Replacing temporary variables that hold results of calculations or operations with a method call, improving clarity and potentially enhancing performance.
8) Introduce Parameter Object: Grouping multiple method parameters into a single object to simplify method signatures and enhance object oriented design.
9) Remove Dead Code: Identifying and eliminating code that is never executed or referenced, reducing clutter and making the codebase easier to navigate.
10) Consolidate Duplicate Conditional Fragments: Merging identical code fragments found in multiple conditional branches into a single location, enhancing maintainability.
11) Replace Conditional with Polymorphism: Utilizing polymorphic behavior of objects to replace complex conditional logic with more flexible and maintainable object oriented designs.
12) Encapsulate Field: Making fields private and providing public getter and setter methods, promoting better data encapsulation and reducing direct access to class variables.
13) Change Bidirectional Association to Unidirectional: Simplifying relationships in code by removing unnecessary back references, which can reduce complexity and improve maintainability.
14) Decompose Conditional: Breaking complex conditionals into simpler, well named boolean methods to enhance clarity and intention of the code.
15) Optimize Imports: Cleaning up unused imports and optimizing them to keep the code tidy and avoid confusion within file dependencies.
16) Convert Magic Numbers to Named Constants: Replacing hard coded numbers with clearly named constants, improving readability and making future changes easier.
17) Split Variable: Dividing a variable used for multiple purposes into separate variables to clarify the code's intent and minimize side effects.
18) Use Guard Clauses: Implementing early returns for error checks, which simplifies the main logic of methods and reduces nested conditional structures.
19) Encapsulate Collection: Wrapping collections in a class to control how outside code interacts with them, improving encapsulation and reducing potential misuse.
20) Introduce Null Object: Creating a null object that can stand in for a null reference can eliminate some conditional checks and reduce complexity in code.
These techniques can significantly improve code quality, maintainability, and readability. The training program can include practical exercises, real world examples, and code reviews to reinforce these concepts.
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